Table 2 Comparison of patients with and without subsequent CRE infection within 60 days after detection of CRE colonization
Variablesa | Subsequent CRE infection n = 196 (25.8%) | Only CRE colonization n = 565 (74.2%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age (years) | 67 (57–75) | 63 (49–72) | 0.001 |
Gender | |||
 Male  Female | 135 (68.9) 61 (31.1) | 378 (66.9) 187 (33.1) | 0.611 - |
Weight (kg) | 61.3 (54–69) | 60 (53.8–67) | 0.075 |
Colonization status | |||
Primary colonization organism | |||
 Klebsiella pneumoniae  Escherichia coli | 176 (89.8) 20 (10.2) | 521 (92.2) 44 (7.8) | 0.294 - |
First specimen of colonization | |||
Rectal swab  Sputum  Urine | 131 (66.8) 34 (17.3) 31 (15.8) | 365 (64.6) 130 (23.0) 70 (12.4) | 0.571 0.097 0.223 |
Multisite colonization | 80 (40.8) | 177 (31.3) | 0.016 |
Polymicrobial colonization | 44 (22.4) | 86 (15.2) | 0.021 |
Concurrent fungal colonization | 67 (34.2) | 142 (25.1) | 0.014 |
Time to detect CRE colonization after admission (days) | 14 (14–21) | 14 (14–24) | 0.472 |
Hepatic function | |||
ALT (U/L) | 49 (24–95.8) | 44 (23–86.5) | 0.283 |
AST (U/L) | 44.5 (23–89) | 39 (22–80) | 0.260 |
TBil (µmol/L) | 14.9 (10.5–26.2) | 14.2 (9.9–22.8) | 0.077 |
Renal function | |||
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.1 (3.9–7.0) | 5.2 (4.0–6.6) | 0.791 |
CrCl (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 54.1 (29.2–92.4) | 73.4 (45.9–105.8) | < 0.001 |
Invasive procedure and/or devices | |||
CRRT | 90 (45.9) | 248 (43.9) | 0.623 |
ECMO | 6 (3.1) | 7 (1.2) | 0.090 |
Mechanical ventilation | 83 (42.3) | 187 (33.1) | 0.013 |
Vasoactive drugs | 62 (31.6) | 145 (25.7) | 0.106 |
Catheterization | 91 (46.4) | 143 (25.3) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | |||
Hypertension | 81 (41.3) | 213 (37.7) | 0.369 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 76 (38.8) | 206 (36.5) | 0.563 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 48 (24.5) | 133 (23.5) | 0.788 |
Respiratory diseases | 150 (76.5) | 293 (51.9) | < 0.001 |
Gastrointestinal diseases | 50 (25.5) | 175 (31.0) | 0.149 |
Liver diseases | 80 (40.8) | 178 (31.5) | 0.018 |
Renal diseases | 82 (41.8) | 175 (31.0) | 0.006 |
Diabetes mellitus | 53 (27.0) | 130 (23.0) | 0.255 |
Malignancy | 48 (24.5) | 109 (19.3) | 0.121 |
Autoimmune diseases | 2 (1.0) | 6 (1.1) | 0.961 |
Solid organ transplantation | 7 (3.6) | 15 (2.7) | 0.509 |
CCI score | 4 (3–5) | 5 (3–5) | 0.528 |
Prior healthcare history within 90 days of CRE-colonized detection | |||
Hospitalization | 87 (44.4) | 254 (45.0) | 0.890 |
ICU admission | 80 (40.8) | 156 (27.6) | 0.001 |
Surgery | 64 (32.7) | 152 (26.9) | 0.124 |
Antimicrobial agents | 108 (55.1) | 215 (38.1) | < 0.001 |
CAZ/AVI PMB Carbapenems Tigecycline Aminoglycosides Fosfomycin Fluoroquinolones | 9 (4.6) 31 (15.8) 59 (30.1) 30 (15.3) 25 (12.8) 14 (7.1) 36 (18.4) | 18 (3.2) 38 (6.7) 57 (10.1) 77 (13.6) 13 (2.3) 30 (5.3) 69 (12.2) | 0.359 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.560 < 0.001 0.343 0.031 |
Antimicrobial combination therapy | 66 (33.7) | 49 (8.7) | < 0.001 |
Antimicrobial treatment duration (days) | 27 (21–33.8) | 25 (20–30) | 0.166 |
Concomitant drugs | |||
GCs | 98 (50.0) | 235 (41.6) | 0.041 |
PPIs | 117 (59.7) | 285 (50.4) | 0.025 |
Albumin | 76 (38.8) | 266 (47.1) | 0.044 |
Immunosuppressants | 11 (5.6) | 17 (3.0) | 0.095 |
Opioids | 24 (12.2) | 67 (11.9) | 0.886 |
Clinical outcomes | |||
CRE infection after colonization within 30 days | 141 (71.9) | - | - |
Time to diagnosis of CRE infection after colonization (days) | 21 (14.3–32) | - | - |
All-cause 60-day mortality | 91 (46.4) | 105 (18.6) | < 0.001 |